Digital Estate Roles · Roles

Donation decision maker

The person who may authorise or refuse donation of organs, tissue or the body, including under deemed-consent regimes.

59 jurisdictions · 21 countries · role id anatomical-gift-agent

Africa

South Africa

Donor of body or tissue, or the family in the statutory order

A person competent to make a will may donate their body or specified tissue by will, by a document signed before two competent witnesses, or by an oral statement before two. The donation must name a donee or it is null and void. Absent a donation or a contrary direction, the family may donate in a fixed order.

Assigned
Person competent to make a will donates the body or specified tissue by will, signed document before two witnesses, or oral statement before two witnesses Capable
Starts
After the person’s death; the donation must have nominated a donee or it is null and void Deceased
Ends
Donation acted on, or the family donate in the statutory order where the deceased made none Deceased

National Health Act 61 of 2003, s 62(1); National Health Act 61 of 2003, s 62(1)(b)-(c); National Health Act 61 of 2003, s 62(2)

Asia

China

Donation decision maker (人体器官捐献决定人) — Donation decision maker

A citizen with full capacity decides for themselves, in writing or by will, and may revoke a willingness already expressed. An objection expressed before death is absolute: no organisation or individual may then donate or procure. Only where the person expressed no objection may spouse, adult children and parents jointly decide, in writing, after death.

Assigned
A person with full capacity decides to donate, in writing or by will; nobody may coerce, deceive or induce them Capable
Starts
Procurement takes place only after death has been determined as the law requires, and the staff who procure or transplant may not take part in determining death Deceased
Ends
The person revokes a willingness to donate already expressed Capable
The person expressed an objection before death, after which no organisation or individual may donate or procure Deceased

中华人民共和国民法典第一千零六条; 人体器官捐献和移植条例第九条; 人体器官捐献和移植条例第十九条

India

Person authorising removal of organs

A donor may authorise removal in writing before two or more witnesses, at least one a near relative. Failing that, if the person expressed no objection in life, the person lawfully in possession of the body may authorise removal unless a near relative objects.

Assigned
Donor unequivocally authorises removal in writing before two or more witnesses, at least one of whom is a near relative Capable
Starts
After death, the person lawfully in possession of the body must give reasonable facilities for removal, unless they believe the authority was revoked Deceased
Ends
Removal carried out, or a near relative objects where the deceased left no authority Deceased

The Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues Act, 1994 (Act 42 of 1994), s 3

Singapore

Designated officer authorising organ removal, subject to a registered objection

Singapore presumes consent. A hospital’s designated officer may authorise removal of an organ from a person who died there, and the block is not a missing consent but a registered objection: no authority may be given where the deceased registered an objection with the Director-General during their lifetime. An objection may be withdrawn at any time.

Assigned
A person may register an objection to removal of an organ with the Director-General, in the prescribed form, or leave the register untouched Capable
Starts
On death in hospital the designated officer may authorise removal in writing, unless the deceased had registered an objection Deceased
Ends
Removal authorised and carried out, or barred by a registered objection Deceased

Human Organ Transplant Act 1987, s 8; Human Organ Transplant Act 1987, s 9; Human Organ Transplant Act 1987, s 4

Europe

Denmark

Afdødes egen bestemmelse om vævsudtagelse — The deceased's own decision on tissue removal

Denmark requires the donor's own decision: tissue may be taken where the deceased, after turning 18, decided so in writing, and relatives cannot override a written decision.

Assigned
The deceased's own written determination made after turning 18 Capable
Starts
After death at a hospital or similar institution Deceased
Ends
Procedure carried out or refused Deceased

Sundhedsloven, LBK nr. 896 af 5. oktober 2026 § 53

Finland

Vainajan tahto elinluovutuksessa — Wishes of the deceased in organ donation

Finland presumes consent: organs may be removed unless it is known, or there is reason to assume, that the deceased would have opposed it. An express prohibition in life is binding.

Assigned
By law; the deceased's own position in life governs Deceased
Starts
After death Deceased
Ends
Removal carried out, or barred by the deceased's prohibition Deceased

Laki ihmisen elimien, kudoksien ja solujen lääketieteellisestä käytöstä 101/2001 9 §

France

Proches et registre national des refus — Relatives and the national refusal register

Presumed consent. Removal may be carried out on any adult who did not make their refusal known in life, principally by entry on the national register; the refusal is revocable at any time, and the doctor informs the relatives of the nature and purpose beforehand.

Assigned
Person may record a refusal in life, principally by entry on the national automated register; the refusal is revocable at any time Capable
Starts
On death duly established: removal may proceed unless a refusal was made known, and the doctor first informs the relatives of its nature and purpose Deceased
Ends
Removal carried out or abandoned; the Agence de la biomédecine is notified beforehand Deceased

Code de la santé publique, art. L1232-1

Germany — federal law

Nächster Angehöriger / benannte Person (Organspende) — Closest relative / designated person (organ donation)

Germany is opt-in. Absent the donor's own declaration the next of kin decides, bound by the donor's presumed wishes; the donor may instead nominate a specific person.

Assigned
Statutory next-of-kin order, or a person the donor nominated Deceased
Starts
After death is established and no declaration by the donor is found Deceased
Ends
Decision given or refused Deceased

TPG § 4; TPG § 3

Ireland

Designated family member (organ donation)

Ireland moved to soft opt-out on 17 June 2025. Consent is deemed unless an objection is on the Register, but the family member is not bypassed: if none can be identified or confirmed, deemed consent does not apply at all.

Assigned
Status arises by relationship at death; the person themselves may instead register an objection on the Opt-Out Register Capable
Starts
On death, where deemed consent does not apply — including where the deceased was not ordinarily resident for 12 months, lacked capacity to understand the deemed-consent scheme, is a child, or where no designated family member can be identified Deceased
Ends
Consent given or withheld, and removal for transplantation carried out or not Deceased

Human Tissue (Transplantation, Post-Mortem, Anatomical Examination and Public Display) Act 2024, s 18; Human Tissue (Transplantation, Post-Mortem, Anatomical Examination and Public Display) Act 2024, s 19

Italy

Organ donation decision (dichiarazione di volontà; opposizione dei familiari) — Organ donation decision

Italy legislated presumed consent and then deferred it. Article 4 makes a failure to declare count as assent, but article 28(2) makes article 4 effective only from the activation of the transplant information system under article 7. Until that date article 23 governs: removal is permitted unless the person explicitly refused, and the non-separated spouse, the cohabiting partner, failing them adult children, failing them parents or the legal representative may lodge written opposition during the death-observation period.

Assigned
Under the transitional rule, removal is permitted from a person whose death has been ascertained unless they explicitly refused assent Deceased
Starts
The non-separated spouse, the cohabiting partner, failing them adult children, failing them parents or the legal representative may lodge written opposition within the death-observation period Deceased
Ends
Opposition is not admitted where the person’s own documents or deposited declarations show a contrary wish Deceased
Article 4’s regime, under which a failure to declare counts as assent, takes effect only from the activation of the transplant information system Deceased

L. 91/1999 art. 23; L. 91/1999 art. 4; L. 91/1999 art. 28

Netherlands

Nabestaande (orgaandonatie) — Surviving relative (organ donation)

The Netherlands runs an active-registration opt-out: an adult who answers nothing is entered in the donorregister as having no objection six weeks after a reminder. The family decides only where the person expressly left the decision to them.

Assigned
Person records consent or objection, or leaves the decision to their relatives; silence is registered as 'geen bezwaar' six weeks after a reminder Capable
Starts
On death, where the register records that the decision was left to the relatives: the spouse, registered partner or other life companion, failing whom the immediately reachable adult blood relatives Deceased
Ends
Consent given or refused after the donorregister has been consulted Deceased

Wet op de orgaandonatie, art. 9; Wet op de orgaandonatie, art. 10; Wet op de orgaandonatie, art. 11; Wet op de orgaandonatie, art. 20

Spain — state law

Persona cuya oposición consta (donación de órganos) — Person whose objection is on record (organ donation)

Spain presumes donation: organs may be removed from the deceased unless they had expressly recorded their opposition.

Assigned
By law; no appointment. The deceased's own recorded opposition governs Deceased
Starts
After death is verified Deceased
Ends
Removal carried out or barred by recorded opposition Deceased

Ley 30/1979 art. quinto

Sweden

Närstående vid transplantation — Close relative in connection with transplantation

Sweden presumes consent: material may be taken unless the deceased objected in writing or otherwise expressed themselves against it. Relatives must be informed before the procedure.

Assigned
By law; the deceased's own position governs, relatives are informed Deceased
Starts
After death Deceased
Ends
Procedure carried out or barred by the deceased's objection Deceased

Lag (1995:831) om transplantation m.m. 3 §; Lag (1995:831) om transplantation m.m. 4 §

UK — England & Wales

Nominated / appointed representative for organ and tissue consent

An adult can appoint one or more people to decide about consent after death, orally before two witnesses or in writing (witnessed, or in a will). This comes second: the deceased's own decision in force at death comes first. If no representative can act, England uses deemed consent for transplantation and Wales uses its 2013 Act.

Assigned
Adult appoints orally (two witnesses) or in writing (signed and witnessed, or in a will) Capable
Starts
On the appointer's death, if no decision by the deceased was in force Deceased
Ends
Revoked by the appointer (same formalities) or renounced by the representative Capable
Representative not able to act, or not reasonably practicable to contact in time: appointment disregarded Deceased
Consent given or refused Deceased

Human Tissue Act 2004 s 4; Human Transplantation (Wales) Act 2013 s 8; Human Tissue Act 2004 s 3; Human Transplantation (Wales) Act 2013 s 4

UK — England & Wales

Person in a qualifying relationship (consent or objection to donation)

If the deceased left no decision and no representative can act, a person in the highest-ranking qualifying relationship matters in two ways. For activities that are not deemed (e.g. research, or excepted adults), they give or refuse consent. For transplantation in England or Wales, consent is deemed, but they can provide information that the deceased would not have consented, which stops the deemed consent.

Assigned
By statute at death: ranking under HTA 2004 s 27(4) / Wales 2013 Act s 19(3) Deceased
Starts
On death, where neither the deceased's own decision nor a nominated representative applies Deceased
Ends
Consent given/refused, or objection information provided, or person left out of account (unwilling, unable, or not contactable in time) Deceased

Human Tissue Act 2004 s 27(4)-(8); Human Transplantation (Wales) Act 2013 s 19(3); Human Tissue Act 2004 s 3; Human Transplantation (Wales) Act 2013 s 4

UK — Northern Ireland

Nominated representative (Human Tissue Act 2004 s 4)

An adult may appoint one or more people to deal with consent to donation and other scheduled activities after their death. A nominated representative's consent takes priority over deemed consent and over family members.

Assigned
Adult appoints orally before two witnesses, or in writing (witnessed, or in a will) Capable
Starts
On death, if the deceased left no decision of their own in force Deceased
Ends
Consent given or refused, or representative not reasonably contactable in time (appointment disregarded) Deceased

Human Tissue Act 2004 s 4; Human Tissue Act 2004 s 3(6), (6AA), (6B), (9A) (extends to E+W+NI)

UK — Northern Ireland

Person in a qualifying relationship (deemed consent regime)

Since the NI deemed-consent regime took effect in 2023, an adult who made no decision and appointed no representative is deemed to consent to transplantation, unless they are an excepted adult. The highest-ranked qualifying relative can block this only by giving information that would lead a reasonable person to conclude the deceased would not have consented. For excepted adults and non-transplant activities, that relative's consent is required.

Assigned
By statute at death: ranking spouse/civil partner/partner; parent/child; sibling; grandparent/grandchild; sibling's child; step-parent; half-sibling; friend of long standing Deceased
Starts
At death, where no own decision or nominated representative applies Deceased
Ends
Consent given/refused, or deemed consent proceeds or is rebutted Deceased

Human Tissue Act 2004 s 27(4)-(7); Human Tissue Act 2004 s 3(6), (6AA), (6B), (9A) (extends to E+W+NI); Organ and Tissue Donation (Deemed Consent) Act (Northern Ireland) 2022 (c. 10) s 1, as recorded in HTA 2004 s 3 amendment notes; Human Tissue (Permitted Material) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2023 (S.R. 2023/26) reg 1(2)

UK — Scotland

Nearest relative (Human Tissue (Scotland) Act 2006)

Since 26 March 2021, a Scottish-resident adult who made no express authorisation or opt-out declaration is deemed to authorise transplantation. The nearest relative, ranked by statute, has no general veto. Their role is to give evidence of the adult's latest views, and to authorise directly in the excepted cases: non-residents, adults incapable of understanding deemed authorisation, excepted body parts, and non-transplant purposes.

Assigned
By statute at the relevant time: highest-ranked available relative under s 50 (spouse/civil partner, cohabitant of 6+ months, child, parent, sibling, grandparent, grandchild, uncle/aunt, cousin, niece/nephew, longstanding friend) Deceased
Starts
At death (or the relevant time for pre-death procedures), where the case is not covered by the adult's own express authorisation, opt-out or deemed authorisation Deceased
Ends
Authorisation given (cannot be withdrawn for s 6E), or body released for disposal Deceased

Human Tissue (Scotland) Act 2006 s 50; Human Tissue (Scotland) Act 2006 s 3; Human Tissue (Scotland) Act 2006 s 6D (inserted by Human Tissue (Authorisation) (Scotland) Act 2019 s 7; in force 26.3.2021, SSI 2021/108); Human Tissue (Scotland) Act 2006 s 6E; Human Tissue (Scotland) Act 2006 s 6H; Human Tissue (Scotland) Act 2006, table of contents (ss 6F, 6G, 16H)

North America

Canada — British Columbia

Person consenting to post-mortem tissue gift (Human Tissue Gift Act)

BC uses opt-in consent. A person 19 or older can consent in writing, or orally before 2 witnesses during a last illness, and that consent binds after death. Without it, consent can come from, in order: spouse, adult child, parent, adult sibling, other adult next of kin, then the person lawfully in possession of the body. Nobody may consent if there is reason to believe the deceased would have objected.

Assigned
No consent by the person; the first readily available person in the s 5 order is entitled Incapacitated
Starts
On death, or when a medical practitioner believes death is imminent and the person cannot consent Incapacitated
Ends
Tissue removed or the gift cannot be used (body then dealt with as if no consent) Deceased
Known objection by the deceased or a person of the same or closer relationship Deceased

Human Tissue Gift Act, RSBC 1996, c 211, s 5; Human Tissue Gift Act, RSBC 1996, c 211, ss 7, 13(2)

Canada — Ontario

Person who may consent to post-mortem donation (Gift of Life Act)

Ontario uses opt-in. A person 16 or older may consent to donation after death in a signed writing, or orally before two witnesses during their last illness, and that consent is binding at death. If they gave no consent, or cannot give one because death is imminent, the next person in the ranked list may consent: spouse, then child, parent, sibling, other next of kin, then the person lawfully in possession of the body (not a hospital administrative head). They may not consent if they believe the person would have objected.

Assigned
By statute, in rank order, where the person has not given (or cannot give) consent Deceased
Starts
On death, or when a physician is of the opinion that the person is incapable of consenting because of injury or disease and death is imminent Incapacitated
Ends
The body or parts are used or removed under the consent, or a known objection by the person or a closer or equal relative prevents acting on it Deceased

Gift of Life Act, RSO 1990, c H.20, s 5

Canada — Québec

Person consenting to post-mortem organ or tissue removal

Québec uses opt-in consent. A person of full age, or a minor 14 or over, may give organs or tissues, verbally before 2 witnesses or in writing, including through the RAMQ register or the notaries' register. The wishes must be followed unless there is a compelling reason not to. If the deceased's wishes are unknown, the person who was or would have been qualified to consent to their care (usually the spouse or a close relative) may consent.

Assigned
Deceased's own expressed wishes (art 43), or failing known wishes, the person qualified to consent to care (art 15) Capable
Starts
At death attested by two physicians not involved in removal or transplant Deceased
Ends
Removal performed or declined Deceased

Civil Code of Québec, art 43; Civil Code of Québec, arts 44-45; Civil Code of Québec, art 15

US — uniform/model law + federal

Agent authorized to make an anatomical gift

A health-care agent, or a person a signed record expressly authorizes, can make an anatomical gift during the donor's life unless the document forbids it. After death, the person who was the decedent's agent at death has first priority to make a gift. The donor's own gift or refusal bars others.

Assigned
Principal appoints health-care agent or signs record expressly authorizing anatomical gift Capable
Starts
During donor's life: agent may make gift by donor card/record/registry (unless prohibited) Capable
Ends
After death: first-priority authority exercised or barred; revocation by others ineffective after incision/invasive procedures begin Deceased
Donor's unrevoked refusal or own gift bars the agent Capable

Revised UAGA §2(1) (2006); Revised UAGA §4 (2006); Revised UAGA §5 (2006); Revised UAGA §9 (2006); Revised UAGA §9(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §10(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §7(d) (2006); Revised UAGA §8(a) (2006)

US — Arizona

Agent authorized to make an anatomical gift

A health-care agent, or a person a signed record expressly authorizes, can make an anatomical gift during the donor's life unless the document forbids it. After death, the person who was the decedent's agent at death has first priority to make a gift. The donor's own gift or refusal bars others.

Assigned
Principal appoints health-care agent or signs record expressly authorizing anatomical gift Capable
Starts
During donor's life: agent may make gift by donor card/record/registry (unless prohibited) Capable
Ends
After death: first-priority authority exercised or barred; revocation by others ineffective after incision/invasive procedures begin Deceased
Donor's unrevoked refusal or own gift bars the agent Capable

Revised UAGA §2(1) (2006); Revised UAGA §4 (2006); Revised UAGA §5 (2006); Revised UAGA §9 (2006); Revised UAGA §9(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §10(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §7(d) (2006); Revised UAGA §8(a) (2006)

US — California differs from the US model

Agent authorized to make an anatomical gift

A health-care agent, or a person a signed record expressly authorizes, can make an anatomical gift during the donor's life unless the document forbids it. After death, the person who was the decedent's agent at death has first priority to make a gift. The donor's own gift or refusal bars others.

Assigned
POA for health care or other record expressly permits agent to make anatomical gift Capable
Starts
Lifetime (if record permits) or at death as first-priority class member Deceased
Ends
After death: first-priority authority exercised or barred; revocation by others ineffective after incision/invasive procedures begin Deceased
Donor's unrevoked refusal or own gift bars the agent Capable

Cal. Health & Safety Code §7150.15; Cal. Health & Safety Code §7150.40; Cal. Prob. Code §4683; Revised UAGA §9 (2006); Revised UAGA §9(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §10(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §7(d) (2006); Revised UAGA §8(a) (2006)

US — Colorado

Agent authorized to make an anatomical gift

A health-care agent, or a person a signed record expressly authorizes, can make an anatomical gift during the donor's life unless the document forbids it. After death, the person who was the decedent's agent at death has first priority to make a gift. The donor's own gift or refusal bars others.

Assigned
Principal appoints health-care agent or signs record expressly authorizing anatomical gift Capable
Starts
During donor's life: agent may make gift by donor card/record/registry (unless prohibited) Capable
Ends
After death: first-priority authority exercised or barred; revocation by others ineffective after incision/invasive procedures begin Deceased
Donor's unrevoked refusal or own gift bars the agent Capable

Revised UAGA §2(1) (2006); Revised UAGA §4 (2006); Revised UAGA §5 (2006); Revised UAGA §9 (2006); Revised UAGA §9(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §10(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §7(d) (2006); Revised UAGA §8(a) (2006)

US — Delaware differs from the US model

Agent authorized to make an anatomical gift

A health-care agent, or a person a signed record expressly authorizes, can make an anatomical gift during the donor's life unless the document forbids it. After death, the person who was the decedent's agent at death has first priority to make a gift. The donor's own gift or refusal bars others.

Assigned
Principal appoints health-care agent or signs record expressly authorizing anatomical gift Capable
Starts
During donor's life: agent may make gift by donor card/record/registry (unless prohibited) Capable
Ends
After death: first-priority authority exercised or barred; revocation by others ineffective after incision/invasive procedures begin Deceased
Donor's unrevoked refusal or own gift bars the agent Capable

Revised UAGA §2(1) (2006); Revised UAGA §4 (2006); Revised UAGA §5 (2006); Revised UAGA §9 (2006); Revised UAGA §9(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §10(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §7(d) (2006); Revised UAGA §8(a) (2006)

US — Florida differs from the US model

Agent authorized to make an anatomical gift

A health-care agent, or a person a signed record expressly authorizes, can make an anatomical gift during the donor's life unless the document forbids it. After death, the person who was the decedent's agent at death has first priority to make a gift. The donor's own gift or refusal bars others.

Assigned
Designated health care surrogate; otherwise first available class: spouse, adult child, parent, adult sibling, adult grandchild, grandparent, close personal friend, guardian of the person at death, representative ad litem appointed ex parte Deceased
Starts
After death or immediately before death Deceased
Ends
Donor's own unrevoked gift is irrevocable after death and cannot be overridden by family, guardian or surrogate Deceased

Fla. Stat. §765.512(2) (2026); Fla. Stat. §765.512(3) (2026); Fla. Stat. §765.512(5) (2026); Fla. Stat. §765.512 (2026)

US — Idaho

Agent authorized to make an anatomical gift

A health-care agent, or a person a signed record expressly authorizes, can make an anatomical gift during the donor's life unless the document forbids it. After death, the person who was the decedent's agent at death has first priority to make a gift. The donor's own gift or refusal bars others.

Assigned
Principal appoints health-care agent or signs record expressly authorizing anatomical gift Capable
Starts
During donor's life: agent may make gift by donor card/record/registry (unless prohibited) Capable
Ends
After death: first-priority authority exercised or barred; revocation by others ineffective after incision/invasive procedures begin Deceased
Donor's unrevoked refusal or own gift bars the agent Capable

Revised UAGA §2(1) (2006); Revised UAGA §4 (2006); Revised UAGA §5 (2006); Revised UAGA §9 (2006); Revised UAGA §9(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §10(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §7(d) (2006); Revised UAGA §8(a) (2006)

US — Illinois differs from the US model

Agent authorized to make an anatomical gift

A health-care agent, or a person a signed record expressly authorizes, can make an anatomical gift during the donor's life unless the document forbids it. After death, the person who was the decedent's agent at death has first priority to make a gift. The donor's own gift or refusal bars others.

Assigned
Health care agent (unless the POA prohibits) may make gift during donor's life; after death, first available class: health care POA agent; guardian of the person; spouse or civil union partner; adult child; parent; adult sibling; adult grandchild; grandparent; close friend; guardian of the estate; any other person obligated to dispose of body Deceased
Starts
At the time of death or when death is imminent Deceased
Ends
Part removed; custody of remainder vests in persons obligated to dispose of the body Deceased

755 ILCS 50/5-5; 755 ILCS 50/5-5(b); 755 ILCS 50/5-45

US — Indiana

Agent authorized to make an anatomical gift

A health-care agent, or a person a signed record expressly authorizes, can make an anatomical gift during the donor's life unless the document forbids it. After death, the person who was the decedent's agent at death has first priority to make a gift. The donor's own gift or refusal bars others.

Assigned
Principal appoints health-care agent or signs record expressly authorizing anatomical gift Capable
Starts
During donor's life: agent may make gift by donor card/record/registry (unless prohibited) Capable
Ends
After death: first-priority authority exercised or barred; revocation by others ineffective after incision/invasive procedures begin Deceased
Donor's unrevoked refusal or own gift bars the agent Capable

Revised UAGA §2(1) (2006); Revised UAGA §4 (2006); Revised UAGA §5 (2006); Revised UAGA §9 (2006); Revised UAGA §9(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §10(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §7(d) (2006); Revised UAGA §8(a) (2006)

US — Iowa differs from the US model

Agent authorized to make an anatomical gift

A health-care agent, or a person a signed record expressly authorizes, can make an anatomical gift during the donor's life unless the document forbids it. After death, the person who was the decedent's agent at death has first priority to make a gift. The donor's own gift or refusal bars others.

Assigned
Principal appoints health-care agent or signs record expressly authorizing anatomical gift Capable
Starts
During donor's life: agent may make gift by donor card/record/registry (unless prohibited) Capable
Ends
After death: first-priority authority exercised or barred; revocation by others ineffective after incision/invasive procedures begin Deceased
Donor's unrevoked refusal or own gift bars the agent Capable

Revised UAGA §2(1) (2006); Revised UAGA §4 (2006); Revised UAGA §5 (2006); Revised UAGA §9 (2006); Revised UAGA §9(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §10(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §7(d) (2006); Revised UAGA §8(a) (2006)

US — Kansas differs from the US model

Agent authorized to make an anatomical gift

A health-care agent, or a person a signed record expressly authorizes, can make an anatomical gift during the donor's life unless the document forbids it. After death, the person who was the decedent's agent at death has first priority to make a gift. The donor's own gift or refusal bars others.

Assigned
Principal appoints health-care agent or signs record expressly authorizing anatomical gift Capable
Starts
During donor's life: agent may make gift by donor card/record/registry (unless prohibited) Capable
Ends
After death: first-priority authority exercised or barred; revocation by others ineffective after incision/invasive procedures begin Deceased
Donor's unrevoked refusal or own gift bars the agent Capable

Revised UAGA §2(1) (2006); Revised UAGA §4 (2006); Revised UAGA §5 (2006); Revised UAGA §9 (2006); Revised UAGA §9(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §10(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §7(d) (2006); Revised UAGA §8(a) (2006)

US — Kentucky differs from the US model

Agent authorized to make an anatomical gift

A health-care agent, or a person a signed record expressly authorizes, can make an anatomical gift during the donor's life unless the document forbids it. After death, the person who was the decedent's agent at death has first priority to make a gift. The donor's own gift or refusal bars others.

Assigned
Principal appoints health-care agent or signs record expressly authorizing anatomical gift Capable
Starts
During donor's life: agent may make gift by donor card/record/registry (unless prohibited) Capable
Ends
After death: first-priority authority exercised or barred; revocation by others ineffective after incision/invasive procedures begin Deceased
Donor's unrevoked refusal or own gift bars the agent Capable

Revised UAGA §2(1) (2006); Revised UAGA §4 (2006); Revised UAGA §5 (2006); Revised UAGA §9 (2006); Revised UAGA §9(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §10(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §7(d) (2006); Revised UAGA §8(a) (2006)

US — Louisiana

Agent authorized to make an anatomical gift

A health-care agent, or a person a signed record expressly authorizes, can make an anatomical gift during the donor's life unless the document forbids it. After death, the person who was the decedent's agent at death has first priority to make a gift. The donor's own gift or refusal bars others.

Assigned
Principal appoints health-care agent or signs record expressly authorizing anatomical gift Capable
Starts
During donor's life: agent may make gift by donor card/record/registry (unless prohibited) Capable
Ends
After death: first-priority authority exercised or barred; revocation by others ineffective after incision/invasive procedures begin Deceased
Donor's unrevoked refusal or own gift bars the agent Capable

Revised UAGA §2(1) (2006); Revised UAGA §4 (2006); Revised UAGA §5 (2006); Revised UAGA §9 (2006); Revised UAGA §9(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §10(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §7(d) (2006); Revised UAGA §8(a) (2006)

US — Maine

Agent authorized to make an anatomical gift

A health-care agent, or a person a signed record expressly authorizes, can make an anatomical gift during the donor's life unless the document forbids it. After death, the person who was the decedent's agent at death has first priority to make a gift. The donor's own gift or refusal bars others.

Assigned
Principal appoints health-care agent or signs record expressly authorizing anatomical gift Capable
Starts
During donor's life: agent may make gift by donor card/record/registry (unless prohibited) Capable
Ends
After death: first-priority authority exercised or barred; revocation by others ineffective after incision/invasive procedures begin Deceased
Donor's unrevoked refusal or own gift bars the agent Capable

Revised UAGA §2(1) (2006); Revised UAGA §4 (2006); Revised UAGA §5 (2006); Revised UAGA §9 (2006); Revised UAGA §9(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §10(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §7(d) (2006); Revised UAGA §8(a) (2006)

US — Maryland

Agent authorized to make an anatomical gift

A health-care agent, or a person a signed record expressly authorizes, can make an anatomical gift during the donor's life unless the document forbids it. After death, the person who was the decedent's agent at death has first priority to make a gift. The donor's own gift or refusal bars others.

Assigned
Principal appoints health-care agent or signs record expressly authorizing anatomical gift Capable
Starts
During donor's life: agent may make gift by donor card/record/registry (unless prohibited) Capable
Ends
After death: first-priority authority exercised or barred; revocation by others ineffective after incision/invasive procedures begin Deceased
Donor's unrevoked refusal or own gift bars the agent Capable

Revised UAGA §2(1) (2006); Revised UAGA §4 (2006); Revised UAGA §5 (2006); Revised UAGA §9 (2006); Revised UAGA §9(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §10(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §7(d) (2006); Revised UAGA §8(a) (2006)

US — Massachusetts

Agent authorized to make an anatomical gift

A health-care agent, or a person a signed record expressly authorizes, can make an anatomical gift during the donor's life unless the document forbids it. After death, the person who was the decedent's agent at death has first priority to make a gift. The donor's own gift or refusal bars others.

Assigned
Principal appoints health-care agent or signs record expressly authorizing anatomical gift Capable
Starts
During donor's life: agent may make gift by donor card/record/registry (unless prohibited) Capable
Ends
After death: first-priority authority exercised or barred; revocation by others ineffective after incision/invasive procedures begin Deceased
Donor's unrevoked refusal or own gift bars the agent Capable

Revised UAGA §2(1) (2006); Revised UAGA §4 (2006); Revised UAGA §5 (2006); Revised UAGA §9 (2006); Revised UAGA §9(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §10(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §7(d) (2006); Revised UAGA §8(a) (2006)

US — Michigan

Agent authorized to make an anatomical gift

A health-care agent, or a person a signed record expressly authorizes, can make an anatomical gift during the donor's life unless the document forbids it. After death, the person who was the decedent's agent at death has first priority to make a gift. The donor's own gift or refusal bars others.

Assigned
Principal appoints health-care agent or signs record expressly authorizing anatomical gift Capable
Starts
During donor's life: agent may make gift by donor card/record/registry (unless prohibited) Capable
Ends
After death: first-priority authority exercised or barred; revocation by others ineffective after incision/invasive procedures begin Deceased
Donor's unrevoked refusal or own gift bars the agent Capable

Revised UAGA §2(1) (2006); Revised UAGA §4 (2006); Revised UAGA §5 (2006); Revised UAGA §9 (2006); Revised UAGA §9(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §10(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §7(d) (2006); Revised UAGA §8(a) (2006)

US — Minnesota

Agent authorized to make an anatomical gift

A health-care agent, or a person a signed record expressly authorizes, can make an anatomical gift during the donor's life unless the document forbids it. After death, the person who was the decedent's agent at death has first priority to make a gift. The donor's own gift or refusal bars others.

Assigned
Principal appoints health-care agent or signs record expressly authorizing anatomical gift Capable
Starts
During donor's life: agent may make gift by donor card/record/registry (unless prohibited) Capable
Ends
After death: first-priority authority exercised or barred; revocation by others ineffective after incision/invasive procedures begin Deceased
Donor's unrevoked refusal or own gift bars the agent Capable

Revised UAGA §2(1) (2006); Revised UAGA §4 (2006); Revised UAGA §5 (2006); Revised UAGA §9 (2006); Revised UAGA §9(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §10(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §7(d) (2006); Revised UAGA §8(a) (2006)

US — Missouri differs from the US model

Agent authorized to make an anatomical gift

A health-care agent, or a person a signed record expressly authorizes, can make an anatomical gift during the donor's life unless the document forbids it. After death, the person who was the decedent's agent at death has first priority to make a gift. The donor's own gift or refusal bars others.

Assigned
Principal appoints health-care agent or signs record expressly authorizing anatomical gift Capable
Starts
During donor's life: agent may make gift by donor card/record/registry (unless prohibited) Capable
Ends
After death: first-priority authority exercised or barred; revocation by others ineffective after incision/invasive procedures begin Deceased
Donor's unrevoked refusal or own gift bars the agent Capable

Revised UAGA §2(1) (2006); Revised UAGA §4 (2006); Revised UAGA §5 (2006); Revised UAGA §9 (2006); Revised UAGA §9(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §10(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §7(d) (2006); Revised UAGA §8(a) (2006)

US — Nebraska differs from the US model

Agent authorized to make an anatomical gift

A health-care agent, or a person a signed record expressly authorizes, can make an anatomical gift during the donor's life unless the document forbids it. After death, the person who was the decedent's agent at death has first priority to make a gift. The donor's own gift or refusal bars others.

Assigned
Principal appoints health-care agent or signs record expressly authorizing anatomical gift Capable
Starts
During donor's life: agent may make gift by donor card/record/registry (unless prohibited) Capable
Ends
After death: first-priority authority exercised or barred; revocation by others ineffective after incision/invasive procedures begin Deceased
Donor's unrevoked refusal or own gift bars the agent Capable

Revised UAGA §2(1) (2006); Revised UAGA §4 (2006); Revised UAGA §5 (2006); Revised UAGA §9 (2006); Revised UAGA §9(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §10(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §7(d) (2006); Revised UAGA §8(a) (2006)

US — New Jersey

Agent authorized to make an anatomical gift

A health-care agent, or a person a signed record expressly authorizes, can make an anatomical gift during the donor's life unless the document forbids it. After death, the person who was the decedent's agent at death has first priority to make a gift. The donor's own gift or refusal bars others.

Assigned
Principal appoints health-care agent or signs record expressly authorizing anatomical gift Capable
Starts
During donor's life: agent may make gift by donor card/record/registry (unless prohibited) Capable
Ends
After death: first-priority authority exercised or barred; revocation by others ineffective after incision/invasive procedures begin Deceased
Donor's unrevoked refusal or own gift bars the agent Capable

Revised UAGA §2(1) (2006); Revised UAGA §4 (2006); Revised UAGA §5 (2006); Revised UAGA §9 (2006); Revised UAGA §9(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §10(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §7(d) (2006); Revised UAGA §8(a) (2006)

US — New York differs from the US model

Agent authorized to make an anatomical gift

A health-care agent, or a person a signed record expressly authorizes, can make an anatomical gift during the donor's life unless the document forbids it. After death, the person who was the decedent's agent at death has first priority to make a gift. The donor's own gift or refusal bars others.

Assigned
Principal appoints health-care agent or signs record expressly authorizing anatomical gift Capable
Starts
After death, absent a donor gift and without actual notice of contrary indications: health care agent first, then §4201 disposition agent, then family classes Deceased
Ends
After death: first-priority authority exercised or barred; revocation by others ineffective after incision/invasive procedures begin Deceased
Donor's unrevoked refusal or own gift bars the agent Capable

Revised UAGA §2(1) (2006); N.Y. Pub. Health Law §4301; Revised UAGA §9 (2006); Revised UAGA §9(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §10(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §7(d) (2006); Revised UAGA §8(a) (2006)

US — North Carolina differs from the US model

Agent authorized to make an anatomical gift

A health-care agent, or a person a signed record expressly authorizes, can make an anatomical gift during the donor's life unless the document forbids it. After death, the person who was the decedent's agent at death has first priority to make a gift. The donor's own gift or refusal bars others.

Assigned
Principal appoints health-care agent or signs record expressly authorizing anatomical gift Capable
Starts
During the donor's life, only to the extent the power of attorney for health care or other record authorises the agent to make the gift Capable
Ends
After death: first-priority authority exercised or barred; revocation by others ineffective after incision/invasive procedures begin Deceased
Donor's unrevoked refusal or own gift bars the agent Capable

Revised UAGA §2(1) (2006); N.C. Gen. Stat. §130A-412.6; Revised UAGA §9 (2006); Revised UAGA §9(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §10(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §7(d) (2006); Revised UAGA §8(a) (2006)

US — Ohio differs from the US model

Agent authorized to make an anatomical gift

A health-care agent, or a person a signed record expressly authorizes, can make an anatomical gift during the donor's life unless the document forbids it. After death, the person who was the decedent's agent at death has first priority to make a gift. The donor's own gift or refusal bars others.

Assigned
Donor makes the gift by driver's licence or identification card symbol, vehicle registration, or (from 1 August 2025) a hunting or fishing licence application Capable
Starts
During donor's life: agent may make gift by donor card/record/registry (unless prohibited) Capable
Ends
After death: first-priority authority exercised or barred; revocation by others ineffective after incision/invasive procedures begin Deceased
Donor's unrevoked refusal or own gift bars the agent Capable

Ohio Rev. Code §2108.05; Revised UAGA §4 (2006); Revised UAGA §5 (2006); Revised UAGA §9 (2006); Revised UAGA §9(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §10(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §7(d) (2006); Revised UAGA §8(a) (2006)

US — Oklahoma

Agent authorized to make an anatomical gift

A health-care agent, or a person a signed record expressly authorizes, can make an anatomical gift during the donor's life unless the document forbids it. After death, the person who was the decedent's agent at death has first priority to make a gift. The donor's own gift or refusal bars others.

Assigned
Principal appoints health-care agent or signs record expressly authorizing anatomical gift Capable
Starts
During donor's life: agent may make gift by donor card/record/registry (unless prohibited) Capable
Ends
After death: first-priority authority exercised or barred; revocation by others ineffective after incision/invasive procedures begin Deceased
Donor's unrevoked refusal or own gift bars the agent Capable

Revised UAGA §2(1) (2006); Revised UAGA §4 (2006); Revised UAGA §5 (2006); Revised UAGA §9 (2006); Revised UAGA §9(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §10(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §7(d) (2006); Revised UAGA §8(a) (2006)

US — Pennsylvania differs from the US model

Agent authorized to make an anatomical gift

A health-care agent, or a person a signed record expressly authorizes, can make an anatomical gift during the donor's life unless the document forbids it. After death, the person who was the decedent's agent at death has first priority to make a gift. The donor's own gift or refusal bars others.

Assigned
Principal appoints health-care agent or signs record expressly authorizing anatomical gift Capable
Starts
Only where the power of attorney, health care power of attorney or other document expressly authorises the agent to make anatomical gifts Capable
Ends
After death: first-priority authority exercised or barred; revocation by others ineffective after incision/invasive procedures begin Deceased
Donor's unrevoked refusal or own gift bars the agent Capable

Revised UAGA §2(1) (2006); 20 Pa.C.S. §8611; Revised UAGA §9 (2006); Revised UAGA §9(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §10(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §7(d) (2006); Revised UAGA §8(a) (2006)

US — Texas differs from the US model

Agent authorized to make an anatomical gift

A health-care agent, or a person a signed record expressly authorizes, can make an anatomical gift during the donor's life unless the document forbids it. After death, the person who was the decedent's agent at death has first priority to make a gift. The donor's own gift or refusal bars others.

Assigned
Principal appoints health-care agent or signs record expressly authorizing anatomical gift Capable
Starts
At death, as first-priority class if agent could have made the gift immediately before death Deceased
Ends
After death: first-priority authority exercised or barred; revocation by others ineffective after incision/invasive procedures begin Deceased
Donor's unrevoked refusal or own gift bars the agent Capable

Revised UAGA §2(1) (2006); Tex. Health & Safety Code §692A.009; Revised UAGA §9 (2006); Revised UAGA §9(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §10(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §7(d) (2006); Revised UAGA §8(a) (2006)

US — Utah

Agent authorized to make an anatomical gift

A health-care agent, or a person a signed record expressly authorizes, can make an anatomical gift during the donor's life unless the document forbids it. After death, the person who was the decedent's agent at death has first priority to make a gift. The donor's own gift or refusal bars others.

Assigned
Principal appoints health-care agent or signs record expressly authorizing anatomical gift Capable
Starts
During donor's life: agent may make gift by donor card/record/registry (unless prohibited) Capable
Ends
After death: first-priority authority exercised or barred; revocation by others ineffective after incision/invasive procedures begin Deceased
Donor's unrevoked refusal or own gift bars the agent Capable

Revised UAGA §2(1) (2006); Revised UAGA §4 (2006); Revised UAGA §5 (2006); Revised UAGA §9 (2006); Revised UAGA §9(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §10(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §7(d) (2006); Revised UAGA §8(a) (2006)

US — Virginia differs from the US model

Agent authorized to make an anatomical gift

A health-care agent, or a person a signed record expressly authorizes, can make an anatomical gift during the donor's life unless the document forbids it. After death, the person who was the decedent's agent at death has first priority to make a gift. The donor's own gift or refusal bars others.

Assigned
Principal appoints health-care agent or signs record expressly authorizing anatomical gift Capable
Starts
During donor's life: agent may make gift by donor card/record/registry (unless prohibited) Capable
Ends
After death: first-priority authority exercised or barred; revocation by others ineffective after incision/invasive procedures begin Deceased
Donor's unrevoked refusal or own gift bars the agent Capable

Revised UAGA §2(1) (2006); Revised UAGA §4 (2006); Revised UAGA §5 (2006); Revised UAGA §9 (2006); Revised UAGA §9(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §10(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §7(d) (2006); Revised UAGA §8(a) (2006)

US — Washington

Agent authorized to make an anatomical gift

A health-care agent, or a person a signed record expressly authorizes, can make an anatomical gift during the donor's life unless the document forbids it. After death, the person who was the decedent's agent at death has first priority to make a gift. The donor's own gift or refusal bars others.

Assigned
Principal appoints health-care agent or signs record expressly authorizing anatomical gift Capable
Starts
During donor's life: agent may make gift by donor card/record/registry (unless prohibited) Capable
Ends
After death: first-priority authority exercised or barred; revocation by others ineffective after incision/invasive procedures begin Deceased
Donor's unrevoked refusal or own gift bars the agent Capable

Revised UAGA §2(1) (2006); Revised UAGA §4 (2006); Revised UAGA §5 (2006); Revised UAGA §9 (2006); Revised UAGA §9(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §10(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §7(d) (2006); Revised UAGA §8(a) (2006)

US — West Virginia differs from the US model

Agent authorized to make an anatomical gift

A health-care agent, or a person a signed record expressly authorizes, can make an anatomical gift during the donor's life unless the document forbids it. After death, the person who was the decedent's agent at death has first priority to make a gift. The donor's own gift or refusal bars others.

Assigned
Principal appoints health-care agent or signs record expressly authorizing anatomical gift Capable
Starts
During donor's life: agent may make gift by donor card/record/registry (unless prohibited) Capable
Ends
After death: first-priority authority exercised or barred; revocation by others ineffective after incision/invasive procedures begin Deceased
Donor's unrevoked refusal or own gift bars the agent Capable

Revised UAGA §2(1) (2006); Revised UAGA §4 (2006); Revised UAGA §5 (2006); Revised UAGA §9 (2006); Revised UAGA §9(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §10(c) (2006); Revised UAGA §7(d) (2006); Revised UAGA §8(a) (2006)

Oceania

Australia — New South Wales

Senior available next of kin (tissue donation)

NSW is opt-in. If the deceased gave unrevoked written consent, a hospital designated officer may authorise removal on that basis. Otherwise, provided the deceased had not objected, the senior available next of kin may consent: spouse or de facto partner, then adult child, then parent, then adult sibling. No next of kin of the same or higher class may object.

Assigned
By operation of law under the s 4 definition at death Deceased
Starts
On death, where the deceased's own written consent is not established Deceased
Ends
Removal authorised or not pursued. Consent is barred if the deceased objected (and the objection was not later withdrawn) or if equal- or higher-ranked next of kin object. Deceased

Human Tissue Act 1983 (NSW) s 4(1), definition of "senior available next of kin"; Human Tissue Act 1983 (NSW) s 23; Human Tissue Act 1983 (NSW) s 24

Australia — Queensland

Senior available next of kin (tissue donation)

Queensland uses opt-in consent. The deceased's own signed written consent, if not revoked, authorises removal. Otherwise a hospital designated officer may authorise removal if the senior available next of kin consents and reasonable inquiries show no objection by the deceased. The order is spouse, then adult child, then parent, then adult sibling. An objection by any one person of equal rank prevents removal. Since 2025 amendments, next of kin may also consent before death to ante-mortem interventions after a decision to withdraw life-sustaining measures.

Assigned
By statutory definition (no appointment) Deceased
Starts
After death (or before death to ante-mortem intervention once withdrawal of life-sustaining measures has been decided) Deceased
Ends
Decision made / tissue removed Estate closed

Transplantation and Anatomy Act 1979 (Qld) s 4 (def. senior available next of kin); Transplantation and Anatomy Act 1979 (Qld) s 22; Transplantation and Anatomy Act 1979 (Qld) ss 25A-25C (ins 2025 No. 29 s 88)

Australia — Victoria

Senior available next of kin (tissue donation)

Victoria uses opt-in consent. A hospital designated officer may authorise removal after death if the deceased consented in writing, or orally during their last illness before two witnesses. Otherwise the senior available next of kin may consent, unless the deceased objected. The order is spouse or domestic partner, then adult child, then parent, then adult sibling. Next of kin may also give consent while the person is unconscious before death.

Assigned
By statutory definition at death (no appointment) Deceased
Starts
After death, where the deceased has not objected; or while the person is unconscious before death (acted on only after death) Deceased
Ends
Tissue removed or decision made; if the person recovers consciousness the pre-death indication cannot be acted on Estate closed

Human Tissue Act 1982 (Vic) s 3(1) (def. senior available next of kin); Human Tissue Act 1982 (Vic) s 26

Other

Austria

Widerspruchsberechtigter (Organentnahme)

Austria is an opt-out jurisdiction: removal is lawful unless the deceased, or their legal representative before death, expressly refused — and an entry in the objection register counts as that refusal. Uniquely in this reference, every procurement unit must query the register before acting.

Assigned
The person themselves, or their gesetzlicher Vertreter before death, declares a refusal; an entry in the Widerspruchsregister is such a declaration Capable
Starts
On the declaration or the register entry; an Eintragungsbestätigung is issued for the entry Capable
Ends
Written revocation at any time, on which the entry must be deleted without delay Capable

OTPG § 5; OTPG § 6

Switzerland — federal law

Person des Vertrauens (Organentnahme)

Under the Transplantation Act as in force, organs may be removed from a deceased person only if they consented before death and death has been established. Absent a documented consent or refusal the next of kin are asked whether they know of a declaration, and may consent in its absence, bound by the deceased's presumed will. A person of trust to whom the deceased demonstrably delegated the decision takes the place of the next of kin.

Assigned
The deceased demonstrably transfers the decision to a person of their trust; no form is prescribed Capable
Starts
Death, established, with no documented consent or refusal of the deceased on record Deceased
Ends
The decision is taken, or removal becomes inadmissible because no next of kin exist or can be reached Deceased

TxG Art. 8 Abs. 6; TxG Art. 8; TxG Art. 8 Abs. 4

South America

Argentina

Persona que decide la dación del cadáver — Person deciding the giving of the body

The same article that governs funerals lets a fully capable person give all or part of their body for therapeutic, scientific or teaching purposes, and passes the decision to the spouse, cohabitant or relatives where no wish was expressed. The separate transplant statute was not retrieved for this entry.

Assigned
Fully capable person directs the giving of all or part of the body for therapeutic, scientific, teaching or similar purposes Capable
Starts
On death Deceased
Ends
Decision taken and the body or part given or refused Estate administration

Código Civil y Comercial de la Nación (Ley 26.994), artículo 61; Código Civil y Comercial de la Nación (Ley 26.994), artículo 2277

Brazil

Disponente do próprio corpo — Person disposing of their own body

A person may gratuitously dispose of their own body, wholly or in part, for scientific or altruistic purposes after death, and may revoke that freely at any time.

Assigned
Person disposes of their own body for after death Capable
Starts
On death Deceased
Ends
Revoked at any time by the disponent Capable

Código Civil (Lei nº 10.406/2002), art. 14

The interactive viewer carries the lifecycle diagram, the state machine and the full source list, including the quoted text of each provision. Not legal advice. This is a research aid summarising primary legal sources as retrieved on the dates shown; always read the cited current text and consult a lawyer licensed in the jurisdiction.